Olena Reference Manual

EPITA Research and Development Laboratory

This manual documents Olena, a generic image processing library.

Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de l'Épita.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.

Chapter 1  Introduction

This reference manual will eventually document any public class and functions available in Olena. Sadly, it only covers the morphological processing presently.

The demo/ directory contains a few sample programs that may be worth looking at before digging the source or sending us an email (olena@lrde.epita.fr).

Chapter 2  Core library

This chapter documents the core of the Olena library.

2.1  Basic types

Chapter 3  Processings

3.1  Morphological processings

Soille refers to P. Soille, morphological Image Analysis -- Principals and Applications. Springer 1998.

3.1.1  morpho::beucher_gradient

Purpose
 
Morphological Beucher Gradient.

Prototype
 
#include <oln//morpho/gradient.hh> 



mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::beucher_gradient (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::beucher_gradient (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::beucher_gradient (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::beucher_gradient (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the arithmetic difference between the diltation and
the erosion of input using se as structural element. Soille, p67.




See also
 

morpho::erosion, §3.1.5,

morpho::dilation, §3.1.4,

morpho::external_gradient, §3.1.6,

morpho::internal_gradient, §3.1.18.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::beucher_gradient(im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.1.2  morpho::black_top_hat



Purpose
 

Black top hat.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/top_hat.hh>





typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::black_top_hat (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::black_top_hat (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute black top hat of input using se
as structural element. Soille p.105.




See also
 

morpho::closing, §3.1.3.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::black_top_hat(im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.1.3  morpho::closing



Purpose
 

Morphological closing.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/closing.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::closing (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::closing (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the morphological closing of input using se
as structural element.




See also
 

morpho::erosion, §3.1.5,

morpho::dilation, §3.1.4,

morpho::closing, §3.1.3.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
 save(morpho::dilation(im, win_c8p()), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.4  morpho::dilation



Purpose
 

Morphological dilation.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/dilation.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::dilation (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::dilation (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the morphological dilation of input using se
as structural element.



On grey-scale images, each point is replaced by the maximum value
of its neighbors, as indicated by se. On binary images,
a logical or is performed between neighbors.



The morpho::fast version of this function use a different




See also
 

morpho::n_dilation, §3.1.20,

morpho::erosion, §3.1.5.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
 save(morpho::dilation(im, win_c8p()), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.5  morpho::erosion



Purpose
 

Morphological erosion.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/erosion.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::erosion (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::erosion (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the morphological erosion of input using se
as structural element.



On grey-scale images, each point is replaced by the minimum value
of its neighbors, as indicated by se. On binary images,
a logical and is performed between neighbors.
The morpho::fast version of this function use a different




See also
 

morpho::n_erosion, §3.1.21,

morpho::dilation, §3.1.4.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
 save(morpho::erosion(im, win_c8p()), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.6  morpho::external_gradient



Purpose
 

Morphological External Gradient.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/gradient.hh>





mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::external_gradient (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::external_gradient (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::external_gradient (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::external_gradient (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the arithmetic difference between and the dilatation of
input using se as structural element, and the original image
input. Soille, p67.




See also
 

morpho::beucher_gradient, §3.1.1,

morpho::internal_gradient, §3.1.18,

morpho::dilation, §3.1.4.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::external_gradient(im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.1.7  morpho::fast_maxima_killer



Purpose
 

Maxima killer.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/extrema_killer.hh>





Concrete(I1_) morpho::fast_maxima_killer (const image<I1>& marker, const unsigned int area area, const neighborhood<N_>& Ng);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



area
in
 
area



Ng
in
 
neighboorhood







Description
 

It removes the small (in area) connected components of the upper
level sets of input using Ng as neighboorhood. The implementation
is based on stak. Guichard and Morel, Image iterative smoothing and PDE's. Book in preparation. p 265.




See also
 

morpho::sure_maxima_killer, §3.1.30.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 save(morpho::fast_maxima_killer(light, 20, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.8  morpho::fast_minima_killer



Purpose
 

Minima killer.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/extrema_killer.hh>





Concrete(I1_) morpho::fast_minima_killer (const image<I1>& marker, const unsigned int area area, const neighborhood<N_>& Ng);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



area
in
 
area



Ng
in
 
neighboorhood







Description
 

It removes the small (in area) connected components of the lower
level sets of input using Ng as neighboorhood. The implementation
is based on stak. Guichard and Morel, Image iterative smoothing and PDE's.
Book in preparation. p 265.




See also
 

morpho::sure_minima_killer, §3.1.31.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 save(morpho::fast_minima_killer(light, 20, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.9  morpho::geodesic_dilation



Purpose
 

Geodesic dilation.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/geodesic_dilation.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::geodesic_dilation (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the geodesic dilation of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.156.
Note mask must be greater or equal than marker.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation, §3.1.26.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::geodesic_dilation(dark, light, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.10  morpho::geodesic_erosion



Purpose
 

Geodesic erosion.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/geodesic_erosion.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::geodesic_erosion (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the geodesic erosion of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.158.
Note marker must be greater or equal than mask.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation, §3.1.26.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::geodesic_erosion(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.11  morpho::hit_or_miss



Purpose
 

Hit_or_Miss Transform.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/hit_or_miss.hh>





typename mute<I_, typename convoutput<C, Value(I_)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::hit_or_miss (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);



typename mute<I_, typename convoutput<C, Value(I_)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::hit_or_miss (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);



Concrete(I) morpho::hit_or_miss (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::hit_or_miss (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se1
in
 
structural element



se2
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the hit_or_miss transform of input by the composite structural
element (se1, se2). Soille p.131.



By definition se1 and se2 must have the same origin, and need to
be disjoint. This algorithm has been extended to every data types
(althought it is not increasing). Beware the result depends upon the
image data type if it is not bin.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
 window2d mywin;
 mywin
  .add(-3,-2).add(-3,-1).add(-3,0).add(-3,1).add(-3,2)
  .add(-2,-1).add(-2,0).add(-2,1)
  .add(-1,0);
 window2d mywin2 = - mywin;
 save(morpho::fast::hit_or_miss(convert::bound<int_u8>(),
                                im, mywin, mywin2), "out.pgm");











object.pbm




out.pgm








3.1.12  morpho::hit_or_miss_closing



Purpose
 

Hit_or_Miss closing.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/hit_or_miss.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::hit_or_miss_closing (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::hit_or_miss_closing (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se1
in
 
structural element



se2
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the hit_or_miss closing of input by the composite structural
element (se1, se2). This is the dual transformation of hit-or-miss opening
with respect to
set complementation. Soille p.135.



By definition se1 and se2 must have the same origin, and need to
be disjoint. This algorithm has been extended to every data types
(althought it is not increasing). Beware the result depends upon the
image data type if it is not bin.




See also
 

morpho::hit_or_miss, §3.1.11,

morpho::hit_or_miss_closing_bg, §3.1.13,

morpho::hit_or_miss_opening, §3.1.14,

morpho::hit_or_miss_opening_bg, §3.1.15.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
window2d mywin;
mywin
.add(-3,-2).add(-3,-1).add(-3,0).add(-3,1).add(-3,2)
.add(-2,-1).add(-2,0).add(-2,1)
.add(-1,0);
window2d mywin2 = - mywin;
 save(morpho::hit_or_miss_closing(im, mywin, mywin2), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.13  morpho::hit_or_miss_closing_bg



Purpose
 

Hit_or_Miss closing of background.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/hit_or_miss.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::hit_or_miss_closing_bg (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::hit_or_miss_closing_bg (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se1
in
 
structural element



se2
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the hit_or_miss closing of the background of input by the composite structural
element (se1, se2). This is the dual transformation of hit-or-miss opening
with respect to
set complementation. Soille p.135.



By definition se1 and se2 must have the same origin, and need to
be disjoint. This algorithm has been extended to every data types
(althought it is not increasing). Beware the result depends upon the
image data type if it is not bin.




See also
 

morpho::hit_or_miss, §3.1.11,

morpho::hit_or_miss_closing, §3.1.12,

morpho::hit_or_miss_opening, §3.1.14,

morpho::hit_or_miss_opening_bg, §3.1.15.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
window2d mywin;
mywin
.add(-3,-2).add(-3,-1).add(-3,0).add(-3,1).add(-3,2)
.add(-2,-1).add(-2,0).add(-2,1)
.add(-1,0);
window2d mywin2 = - mywin;
 save(morpho::hit_or_miss_closing_bg(im, mywin, mywin2), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.14  morpho::hit_or_miss_opening



Purpose
 

Hit_or_Miss opening.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/hit_or_miss.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::hit_or_miss_opening (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::hit_or_miss_opening (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se1
in
 
structural element



se2
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the hit_or_miss opening of input by the composite structural
element (se1, se2). Soille p.134.



By definition se1 and se2 must have the same origin, and need to
be disjoint. This algorithm has been extended to every data types
(althought it is not increasing). Beware the result depends upon the
image data type if it is not bin.




See also
 

morpho::hit_or_miss, §3.1.11,

morpho::hit_or_miss_closing, §3.1.12,

morpho::hit_or_miss_closing_bg, §3.1.13,

morpho::hit_or_miss_opening_bg, §3.1.15.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
window2d mywin;
mywin
.add(-3,-2).add(-3,-1).add(-3,0).add(-3,1).add(-3,2)
.add(-2,-1).add(-2,0).add(-2,1)
.add(-1,0);
window2d mywin2 = - mywin;
 save(morpho::hit_or_miss_opening(im, mywin, mywin2), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.15  morpho::hit_or_miss_opening_bg



Purpose
 

Hit_or_Miss opening of background.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/hit_or_miss.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::hit_or_miss_opening_bg (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::hit_or_miss_opening_bg (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se1, const struct_elt<E>& se2);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se1
in
 
structural element



se2
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the hit_or_miss opening of the background of
input by the composite structural
element (se1, se2). Soille p.135.



By definition se1 and se2 must have the same origin, and need to
be disjoint. This algorithm has been extended to every data types
(althought it is not increasing). Beware the result depends upon the
image data type if it is not bin.




See also
 

morpho::hit_or_miss, §3.1.11,

morpho::hit_or_miss_closing, §3.1.12,

morpho::hit_or_miss_closing_bg, §3.1.13,

morpho::hit_or_miss_opening, §3.1.14.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
window2d mywin;
mywin
.add(-3,-2).add(-3,-1).add(-3,0).add(-3,1).add(-3,2)
.add(-2,-1).add(-2,0).add(-2,1)
.add(-1,0);
window2d mywin2 = - mywin;
 save(morpho::hit_or_miss_opening_bg(im, mywin, mywin2), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.16  morpho::hybrid_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation



Purpose
 

Geodesic reconstruction by dilation.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/reconstruction.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::hybrid_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the reconstruction by dilation of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.160. The algorithm used is the
one defined as hybrid
in Vincent(1993), Morphological grayscale reconstruction in
image analysis: applications and efficient algorithms, itip, 2(2),
176--201.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation, §3.1.26.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::hybrid_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.17  morpho::hybrid_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion



Purpose
 

Geodesic reconstruction by erosion.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/reconstruction.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::hybrid_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the reconstruction by erosion of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.160. The algorithm used is the
one defined as hybrid
in Vincent(1993), Morphological grayscale reconstruction in
image analysis: applications and efficient algorithms, itip, 2(2),
176--201.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_erosion, §3.1.27.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::sequential_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.18  morpho::internal_gradient



Purpose
 

Morphological Internal Gradient.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/gradient.hh>





mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::internal_gradient (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::internal_gradient (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::internal_gradient (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::internal_gradient (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the arithmetic difference between the original image input and
the erosion of input using se as structural element. Soille, p67.




See also
 

morpho::beucher_gradient, §3.1.1,

morpho::external_gradient, §3.1.6,

morpho::erosion, §3.1.5.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::internal_gradient(im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.1.19  morpho::laplacian



Purpose
 

Laplacian.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/laplacian.hh>





typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::laplacian (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::laplacian (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, Value(I)::slarger_t>::ret

 morpho::laplacian (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, Value(I)::slarger_t>::ret

 morpho::fast::laplacian (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the laplacian of input using se
as structural element.




See also
 

morpho::dilation, §3.1.4,

morpho::erosion, §3.1.5.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::laplacian(convert::bound<int_u8>(), im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.1.20  morpho::n_dilation



Purpose
 

Morphological dilation itered n times.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/dilation.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::n_dilation (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se, unsigned n);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element



n
in
 
number of iterations







Description
 

Apply morpho::dilation n times.




See also
 

morpho::dilation, §3.1.4,

morpho::n_erosion, §3.1.21.




3.1.21  morpho::n_erosion



Purpose
 

Morphological erosion itered n times.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/erosion.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::n_erosion (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se, unsigned n);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element



n
in
 
number of iterations







Description
 

Apply morpho::erosion n times.




See also
 

morpho::erosion, §3.1.5,

morpho::n_dilation, §3.1.20.




3.1.22  morpho::opening



Purpose
 

Morphological opening.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/opening.hh>





Concrete(I) morpho::opening (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::opening (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the morphological opening of input using se
as structural element.




See also
 

morpho::erosion, §3.1.5,

morpho::dilation, §3.1.4,

morpho::closing, §3.1.3.




Example


 image2d<bin> im = load("object.pbm");
 save(morpho::opening(im, win_c8p()), "out.pbm");











object.pbm




out.pbm








3.1.23  morpho::self_complementary_top_hat



Purpose
 

Self complementary top hat.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/top_hat.hh>





typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::self_complementary_top_hat (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::self_complementary_top_hat (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::self_complementary_top_hat (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::self_complementary_top_hat (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute self complementary top hat of input using se
as structural element. Soille p.106.




See also
 

morpho::closing, §3.1.3,

morpho::opening, §3.1.22.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::self_complementary_top_hat(im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.1.24  morpho::sequential_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation



Purpose
 

Geodesic reconstruction by dilation.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/reconstruction.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::sequential_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the reconstruction by dilation of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.160. The algorithm used is the
one defined as sequential
in Vincent(1993), Morphological grayscale reconstruction in
image analysis: applications and efficient algorithms, itip, 2(2),
176--201.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation, §3.1.26.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::sequential_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.25  morpho::sequential_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion



Purpose
 

Geodesic reconstruction by erosion.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/reconstruction.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::sequential_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the reconstruction by erosion of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.160. The algorithm used is the
one defined as sequential
in Vincent(1993), Morphological grayscale reconstruction in
image analysis: applications and efficient algorithms, itip, 2(2),
176--201.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_erosion, §3.1.27.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::sequential_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.26  morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation



Purpose
 

Geodesic dilation.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/geodesic_dilation.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the geodesic dilation of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.156. Computation is
performed by hand (i.e without calling dilation).
Note mask must be greater or equal than marker.




See also
 

morpho::sure_geodesic_dilation, §??.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation(dark, light,
                                       win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.27  morpho::simple_geodesic_erosion



Purpose
 

Geodesic erosion.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/geodesic_erosion.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::simple_geodesic_erosion (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the geodesic erosion of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.156. Computation is
performed by hand (i.e without calling dilation).
Note marker must be greater or equal than mask.




See also
 

morpho::sure_geodesic_dilation, §??.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::geodesic_erosion(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.28  morpho::sure_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation



Purpose
 

Geodesic reconstruction by dilation.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/reconstruction.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::sure_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the reconstruction by dilation of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.160. This is the simplest algorithm:
iteration is performed until stability.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_dilation, §3.1.26.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::sure_geodesic_reconstruction_dilation(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.29  morpho::sure_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion



Purpose
 

Geodesic reconstruction by erosion.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/reconstruction.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::sure_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion (const image<I1>& marker, const image<I2>& mask, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



mask
in
 
mask image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute the reconstruction by erosion of marker with respect
to the mask mask image using se
as structural element. Soille p.160. This is the simplest algorithm :
iteration is performed until stability.




See also
 

morpho::simple_geodesic_erosion, §3.1.27.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 image2d<int_u8> dark = load("dark.pgm");
 save(morpho::sure_geodesic_reconstruction_erosion(light, dark, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.30  morpho::sure_maxima_killer



Purpose
 

Maxima killer.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/extrema_killer.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::sure_maxima_killer (const image<I1>& marker, const unsigned int area area, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



area
in
 
area



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

It removes the small (in area) connected components of the upper
level sets of input using se as structual element. The implementation
uses the threshold superposition principle; so it is very slow ! it works only for
int_u8 images.




See also
 

morpho::fast_maxima_killer, §3.1.7.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 save(morpho::sure_maxima_killer(light, 20, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.31  morpho::sure_minima_killer



Purpose
 

Minima killer.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/extrema_killer.hh>





Concrete(I1) morpho::sure_minima_killer (const image<I1>& marker, const unsigned int area area, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



area
in
 
area



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

It removes the small (in area) connected components of the lower
level sets of input using se as structual element. The implementation
uses the threshold superposition principle; so it is very slow ! it works only for
int_u8 images.




See also
 

morpho::fast_maxima_killer, §3.1.7.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 save(morpho::sure_minima_killer(light, 20, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.1.32  morpho::top_hat_contrast_op



Purpose
 

Top hat contrastor operator.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/top_hat.hh>





typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::top_hat_contrast_op (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::top_hat_contrast_op (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::top_hat_contrast_op (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::top_hat_contrast_op (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Enhance contrast input by adding the white top hat, then
substracting the black top hat to input. Top hats are computed using
se as structural element. Soille p.109.




See also
 

morpho::white_top_hat, §3.1.36,

morpho::black_top_hat, §3.1.2.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::top_hat_contrast_op(convert::bound<int_u8>(),
im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.1.33  morpho::watershed_con



Purpose
 

Connected Watershed.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/watershed.hh>





typename mute<I, DestValue>::ret

 morpho::watershed_contexttt<class DestValue> (const image<I>& im, const neighborhood<N>& ng);





Parameters
 




DestValue
 
 
type of output labels



im
in
 
image of levels



ng
in
 
neighborhood to consider







Description
 

Compute the connected watershed for image im using
neighborhood ng.



watershed_con creates an ouput image whose values have
type DestValue (which should be discrete). In this output
all basins are labeled using values from DestValue::min() to
DestValue::max() - 4 (the remaining values are used internally
by the algorithm).



When there are more basins than DestValue can hold, wrapping
occurs (i.e., the same label is used for several basin). This is
potentially harmful, because if two connected basins are labeled
with the same value they will appear as one basin.




3.1.34  morpho::watershed_seg



Purpose
 

Segmented Watershed.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/watershed.hh>





typename mute<I, DestValue>::ret

 morpho::watershed_segtexttt<class DestValue> (const image<I>& im, const neighborhood<N>& ng);





Parameters
 




DestValue
 
 
type of output labels



im
in
 
image of levels



ng
in
 
neighborhood to consider







Description
 

Compute the segmented watershed for image im using
neighborhood ng.



watershed_seg creates an ouput image whose values have
type DestValue (which should be discrete). In this output
image, DestValue::max() indicates a watershed, and all
basins are labeled using values from DestValue::min() to
DestValue::max() - 4 (the remaining values are used internally
by the algorithm).



When there are more basins than DestValue can hold,
wrapping occurs (i.e., the same label is used for several
basin).




3.1.35  morpho::watershed_seg_or



Purpose
 

Segmented Watershed with user-supplied starting points.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/watershed.hh>





Concrete(I2)& morpho::watershed_seg_or (const image<I1>& levels, image<I2>& markers, const neighborhood<N>& ng);





Parameters
 




levels
in
 
image of levels



markers
in
out
image of markers



ng
in
 
neighborhood to consider







Description
 

Compute a segmented watershed for image levels using
neighborhood ng, and markers as starting point for
the flooding algorithm.



markers is an image of the same size as levels
and containing discrete values indicating label associated to
each basin. On input, fill markers with
Value(I2)::min() (this is the unknown label)
and mark the starting points or regions
(usually these are minima in levels) using a value
between Value(I2)::min()+1 and Value(I2)::max()-1.



watershed_seg_or will flood levels from these
non-unknown starting points, labeling basins using
the value you assigned to them, and markining watershed lines
with Value(I2)::max(). markers should not contains
any Value(I2)::min() value on output.




3.1.36  morpho::white_top_hat



Purpose
 

White top hat.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//morpho/top_hat.hh>





typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::white_top_hat (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



typename mute<I, typename convoutput<C, Value(I)>::ret>::ret

 morpho::fast::white_top_hat (const conversion<C>& c, const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::white_top_hat (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);



Concrete(I) morpho::fast::white_top_hat (const image<I>& input, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




c
in
 
conversion object



input
in
 
input image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

Compute white top hat of input using se
as structural element. Soille p.105.




See also
 

morpho::opening, §3.1.22.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> im = load("lena256.pgm");
 save(morpho::white_top_hat(im, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");











lena256.pgm




out.pgm








3.2  Level processings





3.2.1  level::connected_component



Purpose
 

Connected Component.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//level/connected.hh>





typename mute<I_, DestType>::ret

 level::connected_component (const image<I1>& marker, const struct_elt<E>& se);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



se
in
 
structural element







Description
 

It removes the small (in area) connected components of the upper
level sets of input using se as structural element. The
implementation comes from Cocquerez et Philipp, Analyse d'images,
filtrages et segmentations p.62.




See also
 

level::frontp_connected_component, §3.2.2.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 save(level::connected_component<int_u8>(light, win_c8p()), "out.pgm");






3.2.2  level::frontp_connected_component



Purpose
 

Connected Component.




Prototype
 

#include <oln//level/cc.hh>





typename mute<I, DestType>::ret

 level::frontp_connected_component (const image<I1>& marker, const neighborhood<E>& se, numeric_value& nb);





Parameters
 




marker
in
 
marker image



se
in
 
neighbourhood



nb
in
 
nb_label (optional)







Description
 

It removes the small (in area) connected components of the upper
level sets of input using se as structural element.
The implementation
uses front propagation.




See also
 

level::connected_component, §3.2.1.




Example


 image2d<int_u8> light = load("light.pgm");
 save(level::frontp_connected_component<int_u16>(light, win_c8p()),
 "out.pgm");









This document was translated from LATEX by
HEVEA.