Error correcting code performance for watermark protection

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Abstract

The watermark signals are weakly inserted in images due to imperceptibility constraints which makes them prone to errors in the extraction stage. Although the error correcting codes can potentially improve their performance one must pay attention to the fact that the watermarking channel is in general very noisy. We have considered the trade-off of the BCH codes and repetition codes in various concatenation modes. At the higher rates that can be encountered in watermarking channels such as due to low-quality JPEG compression, codes like the BCH codes cease being useful. Repetition coding seems to be the last resort at these error rates of 25% and beyond. It has been observed that there is a zone of bit error rate where their concatenation turns out to be more useful. In fact the concatenation of repetition and BCH codes judiciously dimensioned, given the available number of insertion sites and the payload size, achieves a higher reliability level.


Bibtex (lrde.bib)

@InProceedings{	  darbon.01.ei,
  author	= {J\'er\^ome Darbon and Bulent Sankur and Henri Ma\^{\i}tre},
  title		= {Error correcting code performance for watermark
		  protection},
  booktitle	= {Proceedings of the 13th Symposium SPIE on Electronic
		  Imaging----Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents
		  III (EI27)},
  year		= 2001,
  address	= {San Jose, CA, USA},
  month		= jan,
  volume	= 4314,
  editors	= {P.W. Wong and E.J. Delp III},
  pages		= {663--672},
  abstract	= {The watermark signals are weakly inserted in images due to
		  imperceptibility constraints which makes them prone to
		  errors in the extraction stage. Although the error
		  correcting codes can potentially improve their performance
		  one must pay attention to the fact that the watermarking
		  channel is in general very noisy. We have considered the
		  trade-off of the BCH codes and repetition codes in various
		  concatenation modes. At the higher rates that can be
		  encountered in watermarking channels such as due to
		  low-quality JPEG compression, codes like the BCH codes
		  cease being useful. Repetition coding seems to be the last
		  resort at these error rates of 25\% and beyond. It has been
		  observed that there is a zone of bit error rate where their
		  concatenation turns out to be more useful. In fact the
		  concatenation of repetition and BCH codes judiciously
		  dimensioned, given the available number of insertion sites
		  and the payload size, achieves a higher reliability level.}
}